
\begin{table}[htbp]
   \caption{\label{tab:tc_persistence} Territorial Claims: Persistent Instability?}
   \centering
   \begin{tabular}{lcccc}
      \tabularnewline \midrule \midrule
      Dependent Variable: & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Ethnic Terr. Claim Onset $\times 100$}\\
      Model:                                    & (1)          & (2)           & (3)           & (4)\\  
      \midrule
      \emph{Variables}\\
      Lost home rule \& lost unity              & 0.2817$^{*}$ & 0.3478$^{**}$ & 0.3493$^{**}$ &   \\   
                                                & (0.1067)     & (0.1164)      & (0.1174)      &   \\   
      Lost home rule \& lost unity (post-1816)  &              &               &               & 0.2540$^{*}$\\   
                                                &              &               &               & (0.1110)\\   
      Lost home rule \& lost unity (pre-1816)   &              &               &               & 0.4939$^{**}$\\   
                                                &              &               &               & (0.1694)\\   
      Lost unity only                           & 0.1009       & 0.0924        & 0.1100        &   \\   
                                                & (0.0942)     & (0.1310)      & (0.1355)      &   \\   
      Lost unity only (post-1816)               &              &               &               & 0.0471\\   
                                                &              &               &               & (0.1453)\\   
      Lost unity only (pre-1816)                &              &               &               & 0.1869\\   
                                                &              &               &               & (0.1355)\\   
      No. of Wars  (1400-1790, log)             & 0.0030       & 0.0262        & 0.0242        & 0.0227\\   
                                                & (0.0286)     & (0.0254)      & (0.0223)      & (0.0201)\\   
      \midrule
      \emph{Fixed-effects}\\
      Baseline controls                         & Yes          & Yes           & Yes           & Yes\\  
      Extended controls                         &              &               & Yes           & Yes\\  
      Year                                      & Yes          & Yes           & Yes           & Yes\\  
      Peace year                                & Yes          & Yes           & Yes           & Yes\\  
      State A                                   &              & Yes           & Yes           & Yes\\  
      State B                                   &              & Yes           & Yes           & Yes\\  
      Border duration A                         &              &               & Yes           & Yes\\  
      Border duration B                         &              &               & Yes           & Yes\\  
      \midrule
      \emph{Fit statistics}\\
      Observations                              & 161,198      & 161,198       & 161,198       & 161,198\\  
      \midrule \midrule
      \multicolumn{5}{l}{\emph{Clustered (Directed Dyad ID \& State A \& State B) standard-errors in parentheses}}\\
      \multicolumn{5}{l}{\emph{Signif. Codes: ***: 0.001, **: 0.01, *: 0.05, +: 0.1}}\\
   \end{tabular}
   
   \par \raggedright 
   \parbox[t]{\width=\textwidth}{\textbf{Notes:} OLS estimates of territorial claim iniation (identity-based claims). 
          The unit of analysis is the directed country dyad year. 
          Baseline controls: relative territorial size of state A vs. state B; logged absolute size of country B; 
          indicators for whether governing group in A has governing or powerless kin segment in B;   
          dummies for peace and calendar years.  
          Extended controls: logged aggregate group size of governing segments in A and B;
          ethnic fractionalization of countries A and B;
          Share of aggregate group governing in state A located in state B;
          Share of aggregate group governing in state A located in own country;
          conflict history (number of past years with ongoing territorial claims involving A and B);
          time since last border change involving country A or B (FE). 
          Standard errors clustered on dyad, state A, and state B in parentheses.
          Significance codes: ***: 0.001, **: 0.01, *: 0.05, +: 0.1}
\end{table}


